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Case Studies

Real datasets analyzed end to end — from messy import to a defensible conclusion.

Case Studies

The Penguin Paradox: How to Tell Three Species Apart When the Average Lies

344 real penguins, a bill correlation that runs backwards until you split by species, then a decision tree, random forest and PCA that classify three species at ~98% — no code.

Case Studies

The Gap That Closed: 142 Countries, 55 Years, One Chart

Turn the most famous scatter in statistics into 142 connected trajectories and watch the development gap close — a full Gapminder analysis, no code, no animation.

Case Studies

Analyze an SPSS .sav File Without SPSS: Does Money Buy Happiness?

The 2024 General Social Survey opened straight from its .sav and weighted with NORC's survey weight: chi-square, a mosaic, Welch ANOVA and logistic regression show more income doesn't raise the odds of being very happy once money feelings, health and marriage are in. No code.

Case Studies

ANOVA on Real Data: Are Fewer Babies Born on Friday the 13th?

5,479 real days of US births: Friday the 13th looks like it has 5% more babies, until ANOVA, Welch and Games–Howell expose the weekday and holiday effects. Fridays vs Fridays: 5.3% fewer. No code.

Case Studies

Cluster Analysis on Real Customer Data: K-Means vs Hierarchical

440 real wholesale customers: raw k-means finds only the whales, a log scale finds two real segments that k-means and Ward agree on, and a label the algorithm never saw validates them at V ≈ 0.72. No code.

Case Studies

What Predicts a Taxi Tip? Regression and a Random Forest on 4 Million Rides

4,090,836 real NYC taxi rides, opened straight from Parquet: three recording traps that fake a 38% no-tip rate, a 20% default half the city taps, and a logistic regression and random forest that agree on the one thing that moves it — no code.

Case Studies

Difference-in-Differences Without Stata: The Minimum Wage Study

Card & Krueger's 410 restaurants from a Stata .dta, reshaped to one row per store, then a difference-in-differences with standard errors clustered by store, checked against within-store change scores and the published tables. No code.

Case Studies

The Star Wars Map: A Whole Survey in One Chart

1,186 people, 14 characters, one chart. Correspondence Analysis maps a whole survey — and Jar Jar sits alone in the corner. No code.

Case Studies

The Diamond Paradox: Why “Better” Diamonds Cost Less

53,940 real diamonds, three quality grades that all run backwards, and the charts, ANOVA, regression, PCA and decision tree that crack it — no code.

Case Studies

Does the Drug Work? It Depends Whom You Ask

2,139 patients in the ACTG 175 HIV trial: the overall average said the drug worked, one arm said it harmed, and the honest answer lived in the subgroups — paired t-test, effect size, responder rate, ANOVA, MANOVA and ANCOVA. No code.

Case Studies

In Control AND Capable: The Number That Passes a Failing Process

A capability report says Ppk 1.36 — a pass. On 200 real piston-ring measurements, SPC control charts catch the drift that single number hides. The Six-Sigma rule: control before capability. No code.